1 2 3
 
4 5 6
Fig. 7.1. Pixels. Pixel - abbreviation of "picture element". Digital image is a matrix of rectangular color ele-ments - pixels. 7.1. Echograms without magnification - pixels are not visible. Number of pixels in the thyroid gland area is 13830. 7.2. 400% magnification - pixels are not visible. 7.3. 800% magnification - pixels are slightly visible. 7.4. 1600% magnification - pixels are visible. 7.5.-7.6. 2400% and 4800% magnification - pixels are perfectly visi-ble, heterogeneity of thyroid tissue is well seen. The use of the special software enables to make the quantitative esti-mation of optical density.
 


Fig. 7.2. Calculation of optical density.



 
 
Section
Number of pixel 
ROD (M  ± SD) 
 
 No 1
 10407
 0.3459±0.0901
 No 2
 10443
0.3627±0.1028
 No 3
 17446
 0.3341±0.0934
 No 4
 18891
 0.2799±0.0844
 No 5
 18946
 0.3790±0.0970
 Total
 
 76133
 IOD—0.3712±0.1121
 
Fig. 7.3. Case report - calculation of optical density



 





Fig.7.4. Calculation of optical density. Echograms of the thyroid gland and schematic representations of the encircled area included in the calculation.
A - Normal. Histogram. Number of pixels - 8029. Optical density - 0.3098±0.9927 (M±SD). B - Diffuse goiter. Histogram. Number of pixels - 17625. Optical density - 0.4148±0.1591 (M±SD). C - Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and goiter. Histogram. Number of pixels - 10679. Optical density - 0.4954±0.1327 (M±SD).